Issue Dec 27th 2023  December 27th 2023

Lloyd Wright's Wayfarers Chapel Is Now A Historic Landmark

The Rev. David Brown walked through a shady tunnel of mature redwood trees, past a trio of camera-snapping tourists, and entered Wayfarers Chapel for the weekly Wednesday afternoon prayer service.

“Militant atheists who don’t believe in anything feel something in our chapel,” Brown said of the 100-seat glass and wood sanctuary designed by architect Lloyd Wright for the Swedenborgian Church in 1951. “The chapel is a Midcentury architectural gem. People may have never read our theology, but by simply walking into Wayfarers Chapel, they are living out a core part of our theology. The natural world corresponds with the spiritual.”

The United States government agrees. On Dec. 13, after a five-year review process, the Secretary of the Interior voted to classify Wayfarers Chapel as a National Historic Landmark. It joins the Eames House in Pacific Palisades, the Gamble House in Pasadena, Watts Towers and a handful of other sites in Los Angeles that are identified as national landmarks.

The church was built as a memorial to Emanuel Swedenborg, an 18th century Swedish philosopher and mystic, and dedicated to travelers in need of spiritual support.

For more than 70 years, the traveling “wayfarers” who have stopped along the Palos Verdes Peninsula to visit the ocean-view chapel have christened the chapel “the glass church.” (The church takes the chapel’s distinctive architecture and legacy seriously, and on Jan. 25, church leaders filed a complaint in Los Angeles federal court accusing Calamigos Ranch in Malibu of trademark and trade dress infringement including the chapel’s “circular altar” design and the double-stemmed “Y-shaped” mullions in the side glass walls of the chapel.) But the chapel was conceived by Wright — Frank Lloyd Wright’s son and an accomplished landscape designer — as a tree chapel that helps people feel a connection to God and nature.

Standing in the chapel, art and nature are one as the lines between indoors and outdoors dissolve. “The chapel makes it easy to find the divine in nature,” Brown said of the view of redwood trees and the plant-filled interior. (In the 1950s, the chapel even featured a hanging garden. “That stopped when a snake dropped out of one of the hanging plants,” Brown said).

Undeterred by the onlookers who have made the chapel one of the most Instagrammed churches in Los Angeles, Brown said he never knows what he will encounter when he leaves his office and walks across the parking lot to the chapel.

“You get everything from people taking selfies to post on Instagram to someone who is ready to commit suicide,” Brown said. “You never know what you are going to encounter. Especially since the last economic downturn.”

Brown estimates that more than 300,000 people visited the chapel last year and about 400 couples were married in the light-filled sanctuary, a dip from pre-pandemic levels. Celebrity nuptials have included Jayne Mansfield and Mickey Hargitay in 1958 and Beach Boys’ Brian Wilson and Melinda Ledbetter in 1995. Four years after the Wilson-Ledbetter nuptials, the chapel hosted 800 weddings. “Visitors have told me they remember watching Jayne Mansfield getting carried to the limo,” Brown said.

Meanwhile, the chapel, which cost $25,000 to build in 1951, is showing signs of wear and tear due, in part, to its saline-rich seaside location. With no formal congregation to make weekly donations like other churches, Brown said he hopes the designation will help with their current $8-million capital improvement campaign.

“Being right next to the ocean and the salt air has been corrosive,” Brown said. “It requires an intensive amount of restoration.”

When the chapel opened its doors decades ago, access along the Palos Verdes Peninsula was by a gravel road and a day’s drive from downtown Los Angeles. Today, a steady stream of tourists, funerals, memorials, baptisms and weddings have made it one of the most photographed places of worship in Southern California.

“The designation elevates awareness and status and definitely puts us on the map in a global way,” Brown said. “It is an honor and a privilege to witness how powerful this sacred space can be. It brings the outdoors in and that speaks to a lot of people. I’ve met enough people over the years to know that it is a healing place, and I don’t use the word lightly. I have witnessed minor miracles in this space.”

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This Glass Church Is One Of The Most Beautiful In The Whole Country

Nestled near Eureka Springs, Arkansas, Thorncrown Chapel is a tribute to architectural brilliance.

Inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture, the 1980 chapel was created by E. Fay Jones on a commission from retired teacher Jim Reed. A place of non-denominational pilgrimage and meditation became a reality thanks to Reed's vision. Inspired by the Gothic Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, which is well-known for its stained glass, Thorncrown's design expertly mixes modernity and tradition.

The chapel's name, which alludes to Sainte-Chapelle's artifacts, particularly the Crown of Thorns, which is thought to have crowned Christ, is an homage to both history and faith. Thorncrown Chapel's spiritual heritage is enhanced by this relationship.

Jim Reed, a retired teacher, commissioned a non-denominational pilgrimage chapel in 1971 with the intention of creating a tranquil haven in the foothills close to Eureka Springs, Arkansas. He chose a remote area in the middle of the forest, determined to establish a meditation retreat.

Entrusted with the project, architect E. Fay Jones took inspiration from the famous Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, which is well-known for its interior that resembles a gem. This concept gave rise to Thorncrown Chapel, which blends in perfectly with the surroundings.

With its variety of glass types and tiny stained-glass windows that provide an exquisite play of light throughout the chapel, Jones' design reflects the Gothic charm of Sainte-Chapelle.

The chapel has an eye-catching style and stands an astonishing 48 feet high, 24 feet wide, and 60 feet long. With 425 windows or an astounding 6,000 square feet of glass, it blends in perfectly with the surrounding natural environment.

In an effort to maintain the site's natural setting, architect E. Fay Jones kept structural components small enough for two men to carry through the forest. The chapel embodies northwest Arkansas, built using locally produced elements like flagstone and pressure-treated Southernwood. The ornate roof skylight has been thoughtfully enlarged to provide more natural light throughout the chapel's interior.

The American Institute of Architects' 2006 Twenty-five Year Award was given to the chapel in recognition of its outstanding artistic merit. Acknowledging itself even more, in 2000 it was included to the National Register of Historic Places, an honor usually bestowed upon buildings that are at least fifty years old unless they are considered to be of extraordinary significance.

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Sugar, Spice, And All Things Architecturally Nice

What's the holidays without a gingerbread recreation of one of Frank Lloyd Wright's iconic works—Like a recent example of Fallingwater rendered in flour, sugar, and spice posted on the blog Garden Melodies. You can see more of its building process here. Happy Holidays from all of us at Wright Society!

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